CURRENT AFFAIRS

India and Brazil have agreed to expand the scope of the existing Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) with the Mercosur bloc. The aim is to further strengthen economic ties between the two countries and increase India's access to the South American market.

Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi's eight-day visit to New Delhi took place in 2025.

The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is an ambitious project designed to enhance economic and trade connectivity between India, the Middle East, and Europe. In recent years, especially following trade tensions with the United States, India has focused on diversifying its economic partnerships globally.

On October 13, 2025, a historic peace agreement was reached in Gaza, ending the two-year-long Israel-Hamas war. Under the mediation of US President Donald Trump, Hamas released hostages, and Israel released prisoners. This was followed by a summit in the Egyptian city of Sharm el-Sheikh, where the Gaza Declaration was signed.

The APEC Summit 2025 will be hosted by Gyeongju, South Korea, with the theme “Building a Sustainable Future.”

The South China Sea is one of the most crucial maritime regions in Southeast Asia, known for its strategic, economic, and geopolitical importance.

The 2025 Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded to María Corina Machado of Venezuela.

On October 5, the bilateral exercise "Konkan-2025" between the Indian Navy and the British Royal Navy commenced off the west coast of India. The biennial exercise, Konkan, was first held in 2004.

Indian Defense Minister Rajnath Singh warned Pakistan about its recent military buildup at Sir Creek, revealing its true intentions. On this occasion, the Arms Puja (weapon worship) of the advanced L-70 air defense gun was performed at the Bhuj military base in the presence of Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi and other senior officers. The L-70 played a key role in targeting Pakistani drones and weapons during Operation Sindoor.

Recently, the Chinese Coast Guard hoisted its flag over the disputed Scarborough Shoal on the occasion of National Day and shortly thereafter declared it a nature reserve. The Philippines protested this, calling it a violation of sovereignty. Despite a 2016 ruling against China's claims, China continues to assert its control over the South China Sea. An overview is presented regarding the dispute in the South China Sea.