Ethylene Oxide (C₂H₄O)

• Ethylene oxide is a colourless, sweet-smelling, highly flammable gas used in various industrial applications, including chemical production, pesticide manufacturing, and medical device sterilization. 
• It is highly reactive and plays a key role in the production of other chemicals.

Key Characteristics

• Color and Smell: Colorless gas with a mild sweet odour.
• Flammability: Highly flammable, requiring strict safety measures.
• Reactivity: Rapidly undergoes chemical reactions, making it an important industrial raw material.

Uses of Ethylene Oxide

Chemical Production:

• Ethylene oxide is widely used in the manufacture of chemicals such as antifreeze, textiles, plastics, detergents, and adhesives.
• It also functions as a solvent in various chemical processes and plays an important role in the synthesis of other chemical products.

Pesticides and Sterilization of Medical Equipment:

• Ethylene oxide is used in the production of pesticides because of its ability to kill pests and bacteria.
• It is also employed as a sterilizing agent for medical devices and sensitive products, ensuring they are free from harmful microorganisms.

Health Effects:

• Prolonged exposure to ethylene oxide can lead to serious health issues. The primary effects include:
• Irritation to Eyes, Skin, and Respiratory System: Prolonged contact with ethylene oxide can cause eye irritation, skin rashes, and respiratory problems.
• Nervous System Impact: Chronic exposure may affect the nervous system, leading to neurological issues such as dizziness, headaches, and other cognitive problems.
• Carcinogenic: Ethylene oxide is classified as a carcinogen for humans, meaning it can increase the risk of cancer, particularly with long-term or high-concentration exposure.

FSSAI Guidelines for the Use of Ethylene

• The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has set specific guidelines for the use of ethylene in food processing:
• Permitted for Artificial Ripening: Ethylene gas is allowed for artificial ripening of fruits, provided its concentration does not exceed 100 parts per million (PPM).
• No Direct Contact with Food: The use of ethylene gas is prohibited if it comes into direct contact with food items like fruits, as this could affect their taste and quality.