President of India’s Two-Nation Visit to Angola and Botswana

Why in the News?

President Droupadi Murmu undertook a two-nation State Visit to Angola and Botswana from 9–13 November 2025. She participated in Angola’s 50th Independence Day celebrations and later visited Botswana — marking the first-ever State Visit by an Indian President to the country.

I. India–Angola Relations

Background

• Visit undertaken at the invitation of Angolan President João Lourenço.
• Coincided with 50 years of Angola’s Independence and 40 years of India–Angola diplomatic relations (1985–2025).
• First-ever Presidential visit from India to Angola.

Key Highlights

• President Murmu attended the Golden Jubilee Parade at Praça da República, Luanda.
• Five MoUs/Agreements signed:
• Fisheries & Marine Resources
  • Biofuels
  • Wildlife Conservation
  • Consular Matters
  • Civil Aviation
• Bilateral talks held on energy, defence, agriculture, digital technologies, and economic cooperation.
• President addressed the Angolan National Assembly, emphasising democratic solidarity, South–South partnership, and multipolarity.

Geographical Context

• Location: West coast of Southern Africa
• Borders: D.R. Congo (NE), Republic of Congo (N), Zambia (E), Namibia (S), Atlantic Ocean (W)
• Capital: Luanda

Historical Ties

• India supported Angola’s anti-colonial liberation movement.
• Angola is a major supplier of crude oil to India; bilateral trade is around USD 4 billion.
• Angola is part of the India–Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) framework.

Significance

II. India–botswana Relations

Background

• Botswana formed the final leg of the President’s tour; she arrived in Gaborone on 11 November 2025.
• First-ever visit by an Indian Head of State to Botswana.
• Visit came ahead of 60 years of diplomatic ties (1966–2026).

Major Outcomes

• Bilateral talks with President Duma Gideon Boko.
• Pharmacopoeia Cooperation Agreement signed to enhance regulatory alignment & access to Indian generic medicines.
• India to supply ARV (Anti-Retroviral) drugs to Botswana.
• Botswana to send additional cheetahs to India under Project Cheetah.
• Discussions on trade, renewable energy, education, skills, health, defence, digital innovation, and governance partnership.
• President addressed the Botswana National Assembly, calling for deeper youth, business, and democratic cooperation.
• Visits to the Diamond Trading Company Botswana (DTCB) and the Three Dikgosi Monument.

Geographical Context

• Location: Landlocked country in Southern Africa
• Borders: South Africa (S), Namibia (W & N), Zambia (N), Zimbabwe (NE)
• Capital: Gaborone

Historical Ties

• Diplomatic relations since 1966; High Commission of India in Gaborone since 1987 and Botswana’s mission in New Delhi since 2006.
• Cooperation in diamonds, education, and IT training under the ITEC Programme.
• Over 1,000 students from Botswana trained in India in the past decade.

Significance

III. Broader Significance for India–africa Engagement

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