HMDA Introduces Advanced Bioremediation to Restore Hussain Sagar Lake

Why in the News?

To address the recurring issues of algal blooms, foul odour, and deteriorating water quality in Hyderabad’s Hussain Sagar Lake, the Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) has proposed an advanced bioremediation process.

The restoration strategy includes the use of enzyme-based solutions and biochar Bokashi balls to naturally clean the lake and accelerate microbial decomposition of pollutants.

About Hussain Sagar Lake

Location & Background

• A historic artificial lake situated in Hyderabad, Telangana.
• Commonly referred to as Tank Bund.
• Lies on a tributary of the River Musi.

Key Features

• Covers 5.7 sq. km, making it one of Asia’s largest man-made lakes.
• Recognised as the largest heart-shaped mark among 78 heart-shaped lakes and 9 such islands across the world.
• Constructed in 1562 during the reign of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah by Hussain Shah Wali.

Cultural & Urban Significance

• Famous for the massive monolithic Buddha statue installed at the lake’s centre.
• Historically important for connecting the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.
• Served as a major source of drinking water and irrigation until 1930.

Pollution Concerns

• Over the years, the lake has been severely polluted due to:
  • Untreated sewage inflow
  • Industrial effluents
  • Discharge through surrounding nalas
• This has led to:
  • High organic load
  • Frequent algal blooms
  • Decline in dissolved oxygen
  • Persistent foul smell

HMDA’s New Bioremediation Initiative

Enzyme-Based Treatment

• Enzyme solutions accelerate the natural breakdown of organic waste.
• Help reduce sludge, improve water clarity, and suppress algal growth.

Biochar-Based Bokashi Balls

• A mixture of biochar, beneficial microbes, and organic nutrient material.
• When released into the lake, these balls:
  • Enhance microbial activity
  • Break down pollutants
  • Reduce foul odour
  • Restore ecological balance

Expected Impact

• Reduction in algal blooms and eutrophication
• Improved dissolved oxygen and overall water quality
• Long-term ecological restoration of the lake
• Lower foul odour around urban neighbourhoods

Significance of the Move

• Strengthens urban lake conservation efforts in India.
• Promotes nature-based solutions for water pollution.
• Supports sustainable tourism around Tank Bund.
• Revives an important historic and cultural landmark.

Challenges

• Continuous inflow of untreated sewage remains a major barrier.
• Need for strict monitoring to prevent industrial discharge.
• Urban population density increases pollution pressure.
• Long-term success depends on source reduction, not just treatment.

Way Forward

• Strengthen sewerage systems to stop untreated inflows.
• Implement stricter regulatory checks on industries.
• Promote community involvement in lake protection.
• Expand bioremediation to feeder nalas.
• Develop a long-term integrated lake management plan.