NDCs 3.0 and COP 30

Context

India is preparing to submit its updated Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) at the launch of COP 30 (United Nations Climate Change Conference) to be held in Brazil on November 10, 2025. Its objective is to contribute to combating climate change and controlling global warming.

About COP 30

• COP 30: The 30th edition of the United Nations Climate Change Conference
• Location: Brazil, Belém
• Objective: Review of the NDCs of countries around the world, assessment of the status of emission reductions, and discussion of new climate action plans
• Significance: The Brazilian presidency has emphasized that countries should evaluate the reasons for not achieving their set targets.

What are NDCs and the Paris Agreement ?

• The Paris Agreement (2015): An international climate treaty in which 196 countries agreed to limit global warming to 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to 1.5°C if possible.
• Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): These are targets and plans submitted by countries to demonstrate their efforts to combat climate change.
• Review Period: Each country is required to update its NDCs every five years.

India's Updated NDCs 3.0

India updated its NDCs in 2022 and is now updating them again for COP 30. This update includes new plans for energy efficiency improvements and emission reductions.

Key Points

• Reduction in GDP Emission Intensity: By 45% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels
• Power generation from non-fossil energy: Approximately 50% of total electricity capacity by 2030
• Carbon sink creation: At least 2 billion tons of additional carbon sinks
• Promotion of sustainable lifestyles: Through the LIFE (Lifestyle for Environment) campaign
• Climate-resilient development: Adopting a clean and environmentally friendly path to economic development
• Climate change adaptation: Increasing investment in vulnerable sectors
• Mobilizing financial support from developed countries: To implement NDCs and reduce emissions
• Developing technological capabilities: Promoting climate technology research and development

Targets for 2035

• Inclusion of emission reduction targets by 2035 in the updated NDCs (NDC 3.0)
• Plan to reduce emissions through joint projects and carbon credits in collaboration with developed and developing countries
• India's long-term Target: Net-Zero Emissions by 2070

Conclusion

India's performance so far has been considered positive and progressive among G20 countries. India ranked among the top 10 countries in the Climate Change Performance Index in 2019 and 2022. This reflects India's commitment to achieving updated global climate goals.