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Hindi Medium: (Delhi) - GS Foundation (P+M) : 8th June 2026, 6:30 PM Hindi Medium: (Prayagraj) - GS Foundation (P+M) : 1st June 2026, 5:30 PM English Medium: (Prayagraj) - GS Foundation (P+M) : 7th June 2026, 8:00 AM Hindi Medium: (Delhi) - GS Foundation (P+M) : 8th June 2026, 6:30 PM Hindi Medium: (Prayagraj) - GS Foundation (P+M) : 1st June 2026, 5:30 PM English Medium: (Prayagraj) - GS Foundation (P+M) : 7th June 2026, 8:00 AM

Red Mud

  • Red mud is the waste generated in the Bayer process of producing alumina from bauxite which is also known as bauxite residue. It is known that the Bayer process is a method of producing alumina by refining bauxite that was developed by Carl Joseph Bayer.
  • It is toxic due to high alkalinity and heavy element leaching. And stored in specially designed pond surrounded by clay.
  • Often the breakdown of these ponds increases soil, groundwater and air pollution, which has a fatal effect on both humans and wildlife.
  • It is one of the underutilized industrial wastes whose quantity has been increasing over the years due to inadequate technologies for its use. About 9 million tonnes of red mud is being produced in India every year.
  • Contains 30-55% ferric oxide, which is suitable for attenuating high-energy ionizing radiations such as X and gamma rays.
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