(Prelims: Current Events of National Importance, General Science) (Mains, General Studies Paper 3: Achievements of Indians in Science and Technology; Indigenous Technology Development and Development of New Technologies)
Context
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has proposed a significant initiative to make India's rapidly growing electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem more transparent, sustainable, and regulatory-friendly.
Under this initiative, it is planned to implement an Aadhaar-like unique identification system for batteries used in electric vehicles, called the Battery Pack Aadhaar Number (BPAN).
This proposed system will enable tracking of the entire lifecycle of batteries, from production to use, recycling, and final disposal.
What is BPAN ?
The Battery Pack Aadhaar Number (BPAN) will be a 21-digit/letter unique identification number assigned to every battery pack introduced in the Indian market, specifically electric vehicle batteries.
This number will serve as a digital identity for the battery, allowing it to track its entire journey from manufacture, use, and ultimately recycling or disposal.
This system will be formally implemented through the Automotive Industry Standards (AIS) pathway under the Automotive Industry Standards Committee (AISC).
Objectives
Ensuring complete traceability throughout the entire lifecycle of batteries
Encouraging recycling, secondary use (second-life applications), and safe disposal
Promoting transparency, accountability, and environmental sustainability in the battery ecosystem
Key Features of BPAN
Mandatory Unique Identification: Every battery manufacturer or importer will be required to issue a unique BPAN for every battery sold or used.
Lifecycle-based data tracking: Data related to raw material sourcing, manufacturing process, shelf life, performance, reuse, recycling, and final disposal will be recorded.
Dynamic update system: Any major technical or structural change to the battery will require a new BPAN.
Durable and clear marking: The BPAN will be imprinted on the battery in a location where it cannot be easily removed, erased, or damaged.
Integration with digital portal: Manufacturers and importers will be required to upload all battery-related information to the official BPAN portal.
Prioritization for EV batteries:EV batteries account for approximately 80–90% of India's total lithium-ion battery demand, so they will be included in the first phase. Industrial batteries with a capacity greater than 2 kilowatt-hours have also been recommended to be included in this scope.
Significance
This initiative will enable organized recycling and reuse of batteries.
It will reduce the environmental and safety risks posed by improper disposal of lithium-ion batteries.
It will strengthen the effective implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR).
