CURRENT AFFAIRS

India has a long-standing civilization based on the Varna system, which later evolved into a complex caste-based social structure. This structure has had profound effects on political, social, and economic life. After independence, India undertook several social reforms; however, caste-based data was not officially collected in the decennial census for a long time.

Chief Justice of India (CJI) B.R. Gavai has raised the question whether the Supreme Court, despite being the ‘Guardian of the Constitution’, should sit idly by while governors continue to disrupt the democratic system by stalling bills passed by state assemblies for years. The debate is particularly linked to the Tamil Nadu case where the governor has not taken any decision on several important bills for four years.

On 21 August 2025, the Parliament passed the Online Gaming Promotion and Regulation Bill, 2025. The law is a significant step to protect citizens from the risks of online money games, while also promoting other types of online games and ensuring their proper regulation.

Ahead of the upcoming assembly elections in Bihar, the Election Commission (ECI) published the draft voter list on August 1, 2025 under 'Special Intensive Revision (SIR)'. In this draft, the names of about 65 lakh voters were removed, which were earlier included in the voter list prepared in January 2025.

Recently, the Supreme Court (SC) has upheld the validity of Exception 2 of Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code.

On 5 August 2019, the state was divided into the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the Union Territory of Ladakh by repealing Articles 370 and 35A through the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019.

Innovation in Local Justice on the First Amma Samman Day

Despite a recent order of the Calcutta High Court directing the resumption of MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) payments in West Bengal, both the state and central governments have shown reluctance to act, affecting lakhs of rural workers.

Justice (Retd.) H.N. Nagamohan Das Committee has submitted its much-awaited report on internal reservation among Scheduled Castes (SC) in Karnataka, aimed at ensuring equitable distribution of reservation benefits within the SC category.

On July 7, 2025, NITI Aayog and Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region in collaboration with United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) released the second edition of Northeast Region District Sustainable Development Goals Index.