GS Paper-2

Border Roads Organisation

11-Dec-2025

The Defence Minister recently dedicated 125 newly constructed infrastructure projects of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) to the nation, marking the highest number and significance of inaugurations by the agency in a single day.

PM Surya Ghar Scheme

10-Dec-2025

The Parliamentary Standing Committee has expressed concern over the slow progress of the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana, which aims to install 1 crore rooftop solar systems by FY27.

Human Rights Day

10-Dec-2025

Human Rights Day is observed every year on 10 December, marking the anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted in 1948. The day reaffirms the global commitment to dignity, equality, justice, and freedom for all.

Judicial Accountability: Impeachment & In-House Inquiry Explained

10-Dec-2025

Members of the INDIA bloc intend to submit an impeachment motion in Parliament against Justice G.R. Swaminathan of the Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court. The move follows his direction to the Subramaniya Swamy Temple authorities to ensure the lighting of a lamp near a dargah during the Karthigai Deepam festival—an order that triggered political and constitutional debate.

Karnataka Introduces Hate Speech Bill

09-Dec-2025

Karnataka has introduced the Karnataka Hate Speech and Hate Crimes (Prevention) Bill, 2025, proposing 1–10 years’ imprisonment, enhanced fines, and collective liability for organisations involved in hate speech or hate-related offences.

The state government argues that India lacks a clear statutory definition of hate speech, despite its frequent use in public debate — creating gaps in enforcement and leaving police dependent on scattered provisions.

India’s Aviation Safety Under Strain After IndiGo Crisis

09-Dec-2025

IndiGo’s large-scale flight cancellations and the government’s subsequent suspension of the DGCA’s newly notified Flight Duty Time Limitation (FDTL) norms have raised serious concerns about India’s aviation safety framework.

DGCA's Air Safety Reforms and Their Widespread Impact

08-Dec-2025

A large number of flight cancellations and delays by IndiGo led to widespread dissatisfaction among passengers. On December 5, 2025, the DGCA granted IndiGo a temporary exemption from the new night-duty limit imposed on pilots. This move came amid persistent operational disruptions, crew shortages, and increasing passenger hardship.

Right to Disconnect Bill Introduced in Parliament

08-Dec-2025

A Private Member’s Bill titled the Right to Disconnect Bill, 2025 has been introduced in the Lok Sabha to legally protect employees from work-related calls, messages, or emails outside designated office hours.

Onchocerciasis

08-Dec-2025

The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially declared Niger free of onchocerciasis (river blindness), making it the first country in the WHO African Region to eliminate the disease. This achievement marks a historic milestone in the fight against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).

India-Russia Bilateral Relations 2025

06-Dec-2025

Russian President Vladimir Putin's visit to India in December 2025 and the 23rd India-Russia Annual Summit added a new dimension to the long-standing partnership between the two countries, based on trust, mutual respect, and strategic alignment.