UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS

Recently, the Chinese Coast Guard hoisted its flag over the disputed Scarborough Shoal on the occasion of National Day and shortly thereafter declared it a nature reserve. The Philippines protested this, calling it a violation of sovereignty. Despite a 2016 ruling against China's claims, China continues to assert its control over the South China Sea. An overview is presented regarding the dispute in the South China Sea.

Recently, Iran and Russia signed a major $25 billion nuclear deal. Under this agreement, Russia will build four new nuclear power plants in Iran. This move comes at a time when Iran is facing sanctions from Western countries and energy security is a major priority for it.

While the US has increased its H-1B visa fee to nearly $100,000, China has announced the 'K visa' to attract international science and technology professionals. This visa, effective from October 1, aims to integrate global young talents into China's research and innovation system.

The United States has announced a substantial increase (up to $100,000) in the application fee for new H-1B visas. This move has sparked concern and a search for alternatives among Indian professionals. In this context, the L-1 visa is being considered as an alternative option.

Recently, United States has revoked and denied visas of several top Indian pharmaceutical executives/leaders. 

On 17 September 2025, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signed a Strategic Mutual Defense Agreement. 

Recently, Trump administration has announced withdrawal of the sanctions waiver for Chabahar Port project in Iran.

On 12 September 2025, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted a resolution called the “New York Declaration.”

China has announced to create a National Nature Reserve in Scarborough Shoal. The Philippines has strongly objected to this move and this dispute is once again in the international headlines.

Recent high-level exchanges between India and Iran underscore the evolving civilisational ties and strategic partnership amidst regional geopolitical changes.